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  • Title: Effect of focal low-frequency stimulation on amygdala-kindled afterdischarge thresholds and seizure profiles in fast- and slow-kindling rat strains.
    Author: Carrington CA, Gilby KL, McIntyre DC.
    Journal: Epilepsia; 2007 Aug; 48(8):1604-13. PubMed ID: 17433055.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: To determine whether low-frequency, 1-Hz sine-wave stimulation (LFS) applied to a fully kindled amygdala focus would show antiepileptic properties in rats that were either naturally seizure prone (Fast) or seizure resistant (Slow). METHODS: Normal twisted and/or "spanning" bipolar electrode configurations were implanted in the amygdalae of adult male Fast and Slow rats. In experiment one, rats were kindled daily to stage-5 levels through one electrode type until stable afterdischarge thresholds (ADTs) were obtained. Next, LFS was applied through the kindled electrode, and ADTs were redetermined 1 min later, and daily for a week, without reapplying the LFS. In experiment two, a single, normal bipolar kindling electrode was implanted in the amygdala and centered between two poles of a spanning electrode. After stable kindled ADTs were obtained, LFS was applied to the amygdala "area" through the spanning electrode. ADTs were redetermined at the kindled electrode as earlier. RESULTS: LFS through the kindling electrode had no effect on ADTs 1 min later, but the ADTs increased dramatically 24 h later and then slowly returned to baseline over days. In experiment two, LFS applied through the nonkindled spanning electrode also showed a small but significant threshold elevation at the interposing kindled electrode. Importantly, no obvious neuropathology was associated with these LFS treatments. CONCLUSIONS: LFS applied directly to the kindled network has significant threshold-elevating properties that are less evident when applied to the "general area"; here LFS must be delivered through a larger surface area and/or at higher intensity.
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