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  • Title: Local and systemic effects of endoluminal pelvic perfusion of isoproterenol: a dose response investigation in pigs.
    Author: Jakobsen JS, Holst U, Jakobsen P, Steen W, Mortensen J.
    Journal: J Urol; 2007 May; 177(5):1934-8. PubMed ID: 17437851.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: Isoproterenol (Sygehus Apotekerne Danmark, Copenhagen, Denmark) is a beta-adrenergic agonist known to cause upper urinary tract relaxation. We studied the local effect on pelvic pressure and the systemic effects of endoluminal perfusion with isoproterenol in a porcine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pigs weighing 40 kg were studied. Catheters were placed in the renal pelvis for pressure measurement and perfusion, and a catheter was used to drain the bladder. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. In 6 pigs in group 1 the pelvic pressure increase was examined at increasing flow rates of 0, 2, 5, 8, 10 and 15 ml per minute with saline containing 0, 10(-3), 10(-2), 10(-1), 1 and 10 microg/ml isoproterenol. Blood values of isoproterenol were analyzed. In 6 pigs in group 2 the pelvis was perfused at a flow rate of 8 ml per minute with saline containing 0, 10(-5), 10(-4), 10(-3), 10(-2), 10(-1), 1 and 10 microg/ml isoproterenol. RESULTS: In group 1 endoluminal perfusion with isoproterenol inhibited the pelvic pressure increase due to perfusion at all concentrations of isoproterenol. At a perfusion rate of 8 ml per minute the maximal effect (a 78% decrease) was achieved using 0.1 microg/ml isoproterenol without cardiovascular side effects. In group 2 all isoproterenol concentrations caused significant inhibition of the pressure-flow relationship in a dose dependent matter. A 64% decrease in the pressure increase due to saline perfusion was achieved at 0.1 microg/ml isoproterenol without concomitant significant cardiovascular side effects. Isoproterenol was only detected in plasma during perfusion with 1 and 10 microg/ml isoproterenol, which caused significant cardiovascular side effects in the latter case. CONCLUSIONS: Isoproterenol significantly inhibits the pressure increase due to perfusion in the normal porcine renal pelvis without concomitant cardiovascular side effects. Isoproterenol is a safe drug in this porcine model and, hence, it is potentially useful during endourological procedures.
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