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  • Title: Structure and dynamics of crystalline protein layers bound to supported lipid bilayers.
    Author: Horton MR, Reich C, Gast AP, Rädler JO, Nickel B.
    Journal: Langmuir; 2007 May 22; 23(11):6263-9. PubMed ID: 17469859.
    Abstract:
    We study proteins at the surface of bilayer membranes using streptavidin and avidin bound to biotinylated lipids in a supported lipid bilayer (SLB) at the solid-liquid interface. Using X-ray reflectivity and simultaneous fluorescence microscopy, we characterize the structure and fluidity of protein layers with varied relative surface coverages of crystalline and noncrystalline protein. With continuous bleaching, we measure a 10-15% decrease in the fluidity of the SLB after the full protein layer is formed. We propose that this reduction in lipid mobility is due to a small fraction (0.04) of immobilized lipids bound to the protein layer that create obstacles to membrane diffusion. Our X-ray reflectivity data show a 40 A thick layer of protein, and we resolve an 8 A layer separating the protein layer from the bilayer. We suggest that the separation provided by this water layer allows the underlying lipid bilayer to retain its fluidity and stability.
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