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  • Title: Influence of liver biopsy heterogeneity and diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in subjects undergoing gastric bypass.
    Author: Arun J, Jhala N, Lazenby AJ, Clements R, Abrams GA.
    Journal: Obes Surg; 2007 Feb; 17(2):155-61. PubMed ID: 17476865.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic condition that can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. The most progressive form of NAFLD is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Currently, the only method to diagnose NASH is with a liver biopsy; however. sampling error may limit diagnostic accuracy. We investigated the discordance of paired liver biopsies in individuals undergoing gastric bypass. METHODS: Two liver biopsies, composite size of > or = 25 mm and > or = 8 portal tracts (PTs), were obtained from the left lobe in 31 subjects. Group 1 included specimens at least 15 mm in length with > or = 4 PTs compared to a second biopsy of at least 10 mm and > or = 4 PTs (Group 2). RESULTS: The mean specimen size (number of PTs) for group 1 was 20.4 +/- 4.2 mm (11.7 +/- 5.5 PTs) and group 2 was 16.1 +/- 5.3 mm (8.2 +/- 4.1 PTs). Prevalence of NASH was 26% in Group 1 and 32% in Group 2. Sampling discordance was greatest for portal fibrosis (26%), followed by zone 3 fibrosis (13%) and ballooning degeneration (3%). The negative predictive values from Group 1 liver biopsies for NASH and portal fibrosis were only 83% and 67%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that significant sampling variability exists in class 2 and 3 obese individuals undergoing screening liver biopsies for NAFLD. The degree and histopathological discordance is dependent upon zonal location and types of injury. Nevertheless, a 25-mm biopsy specimen without zone 3 cellular ballooning or fibrosis appears adequate to exclude the diagnosis of NASH.
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