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  • Title: Low prevalence of p53, p16(INK4a) and Ha-ras tumour-specific mutations in low-graded actinic keratosis.
    Author: Nindl I, Gottschling M, Krawtchenko N, Lehmann MD, Röwert-Huber J, Eberle J, Stockfleth E, Forschner T.
    Journal: Br J Dermatol; 2007 May; 156 Suppl 3():34-9. PubMed ID: 17488404.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet radiation induces DNA damage and is the major risk factor for the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Different mutation rates of p53, p16(INK4a) and Ha-ras in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the earlier stage actinic keratosis (AK) have been reported. OBJECTIVES: To assess the presence of missense mutations in hotspot exons of p53, p16(INK4a) and Ha-ras in low-graded AK. PATIENTS/METHODS: Cryo-biopsies of 75 sun-exposed AK lesions and 75 sun-shielded areas of normal skin from 75 AK patients were analysed to identify mutations in p53 (exons 7 and 8), p16(INK4a) (exon 2) and Ha-ras (exon 1) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing. As a representative subset of the specimens, ten mutation-negative AK were also micro-dissected in order to exclude the possibility that additional mutations were undetected. RESULTS: Eight missense and one nonsense point mutations were found in the 75 AK lesions examined (12%), of which seven (9%) were tumour-specific (i.e. present in AK lesions only) and two (3%) were p16(INK4a) mutations (i.e. also detected in normal skin). Three of the tumour-specific mutations (42%) were cytosine (C) to thymine (T) transitions at pyrimidine-rich sequences. Tumour-specific mutations were identified in 1% of p16(INK4a) (exon 2), 1% of Ha-ras (exon 1) and at a higher rate of 7% in p53 (exons 7 and 8), including one nonsense mutation. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of a large number of AK specimens in this study have found a low gene mutation rate in low-graded AK lesions. p53 mutations rather than p16(INK4a) and/or Ha-ras mutations may be an early event in the development of AK to cutaneous SCC.
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