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  • Title: Mast cell distribution, activation, and phenotype in xanthoma.
    Author: Matsumoto M, Kunimitsu S, Wada K, Ikeda M, Keyama A, Kodama H.
    Journal: J Am Acad Dermatol; 2007 Jun; 56(6):1006-12. PubMed ID: 17504717.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Activated mast cells enhance the uptake of mast cell-derived proteoglycan-low-density lipoprotein complexes by macrophages. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate mast cell contribution to the pathogenesis of xanthoma. METHODS: Twenty cases of xanthelasma palpebrarum and 6 cases of tuberous xanthoma lesions were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Xanthelasma lesions contained up to 5-fold more tryptase-stained mast cells than tuberous xanthoma lesions. Tuberous xanthoma lesions especially showed extensive staining of tryptase around mast cells and within some macrophages and foam cells. More than 99% of mast cells in xanthelasma lesions contained both tryptase and chymase. Approximately 60% of mast cells represented only tryptase in tuberous xanthoma lesions where the ratio of macrophages to tryptase-stained mast cells was extremely high (15:1) as compared with xanthelasma lesions (2:1). LIMITATIONS: A change in mast cell phenotype has not been necessarily proven. CONCLUSION: Mast cells are activated under the microenvironment in which macrophages predominate rather than mast cells, which thus reflects the clinical phenotypes of xanthoma lesions.
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