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  • Title: A single intranasal immunization with inactivated influenza virus and alpha-galactosylceramide induces long-term protective immunity without redirecting antigen to the central nervous system.
    Author: Youn HJ, Ko SY, Lee KA, Ko HJ, Lee YS, Fujihashi K, Boyaka PN, Kim SH, Horimoto T, Kweon MN, Kang CY.
    Journal: Vaccine; 2007 Jul 09; 25(28):5189-98. PubMed ID: 17548137.
    Abstract:
    alpha-Galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), originally isolated from a marine sponge, was known to activate natural killer T (NKT) cells through CD1d-mediated Ag presentation and induce Th1 and/or Th2 immunity. In this study, we evaluated the nasal adjuvanticity of alpha-GalCer when co-administered with formalin-inactivated influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (PR8) in BALB/c mice. A single nasal immunization of inactivated PR8 and alpha-GalCer induced brisk levels of PR8-specific IgG and IgA Abs in serum and lung washes. Antigen-specific Ab responses lasted for 3 months, providing protective immunity against challenge with live PR8. In addition, mice given alpha-GalCer also exhibited cellular immune responses including cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generation. Because it did not redirect Ags into brain, alpha-GalCer would likely pose no risk if administered as a nasal adjuvant. These results suggest for the first time that a single nasal immunization of inactivated virus and alpha-GalCer is a safe and effective means of preventing influenza infection.
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