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  • Title: [Fetal echocardiography. II. Normal and pathological anatomy in real-time ultrasonography].
    Author: Chaoui R, Bollmann R, Hoffmann H, Göldner B, Bartel J.
    Journal: Zentralbl Gynakol; 1991; 113(22):1211-20. PubMed ID: 1755258.
    Abstract:
    The paper is a practical approach to fetal echocardiography using real-time ultrasound. The normal sonoanatomy of the fetal heart is presented for the non-cardiologist. The basic cross-sectional views are explained as well as the systematic analysis of the different fetal heart structures. The main heart malformations are reviewed with a description of their appearance in prenatal real-time-ultrasound illustrated by some figures. The examination of the fetal heart could be easy learned, but the assessment and the differentiation of congenital heart defects are only possible by a systematic approach, experience and patience. The examination of the fetal heart should be therefore involved in the screening-ultrasound performed by the prenatal sonographer and suspicious findings has to be referred to a perinatal center.
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