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  • Title: Environmental risk factors in the development of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or gastric cardia: a cross-sectional study in a Dutch cohort.
    Author: DE Jonge PJ, Wolters LM, Steyerberg EW, VAN Dekken H, Kusters JG, Kuipers EJ, Siersema PD.
    Journal: Aliment Pharmacol Ther; 2007 Jul 01; 26(1):31-9. PubMed ID: 17555419.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus (OAC) and gastric cardia (GCA) are not yet established. AIM: To compare environmental risk factors between patients with OAC and GCA. METHODS: One-hundred and twenty-six patients with OAC, 43 with GCA and 57 with squamous cell carcinoma filled out a questionnaire with information on demographic and lifestyle characteristics, physical activity levels, family history, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms and medication use. RESULTS: OAC and GCA patients were similar with regard to male predominance and age, alcohol intake and smoking, use of fruits and vegetables, body posture and occupational activities (P > 0.05). GCA patients less often had heartburn compared with OAC patients [odds ratio (OR) 0.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-0.96] and had these symptoms less frequently and for a shorter period (OR 0.3, CI 0.1-1.0 and OR 0.1, CI 0.03-0.6, respectively). Former and current aspirin use was lower among GCA patients than OAC patients (OR 0.2, CI 0.05-0.7 and OR 0.4, CI 0.1-0.9, respectively), whereas no difference in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use was detected. CONCLUSION: Although OAC and GCA share several environmental risk factors, OAC is more frequently associated with a history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, suggesting a more important role for gastro-oesophageal reflux in OAC compared with GCA.
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