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  • Title: Properties of Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pAD1, a member of a widely disseminated family of pheromone-responding, conjugative, virulence elements encoding cytolysin.
    Author: Clewell DB.
    Journal: Plasmid; 2007 Nov; 58(3):205-27. PubMed ID: 17590438.
    Abstract:
    The 60-kb pAD1 represents a large and widely disseminated family of conjugative, pheromone-responding, virulence plasmids commonly found in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis. It encodes a hemolysin/bacteriocin (cytolysin) shown to contribute to virulence in animal models, and the related bacteriocin is active against a wide variety of Gram-positive bacteria. This review summarizes what is currently known about the molecular biology of pAD1, including aspects of its cytolytic, UV-resistance, replication, maintenance, and conjugative properties.
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