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  • Title: Challenges in quantifying biosphere-atmosphere exchange of nitrogen species.
    Author: Sutton MA, Nemitz E, Erisman JW, Beier C, Bahl KB, Cellier P, de Vries W, Cotrufo F, Skiba U, Di Marco C, Jones S, Laville P, Soussana JF, Loubet B, Twigg M, Famulari D, Whitehead J, Gallagher MW, Neftel A, Flechard CR, Herrmann B, Calanca PL, Schjoerring JK, Daemmgen U, Horvath L, Tang YS, Emmett BA, Tietema A, Peñuelas J, Kesik M, Brueggemann N, Pilegaard K, Vesala T, Campbell CL, Olesen JE, Dragosits U, Theobald MR, Levy P, Mobbs DC, Milne R, Viovy N, Vuichard N, Smith JU, Smith P, Bergamaschi P, Fowler D, Reis S.
    Journal: Environ Pollut; 2007 Nov; 150(1):125-39. PubMed ID: 17604887.
    Abstract:
    Recent research in nitrogen exchange with the atmosphere has separated research communities according to N form. The integrated perspective needed to quantify the net effect of N on greenhouse-gas balance is being addressed by the NitroEurope Integrated Project (NEU). Recent advances have depended on improved methodologies, while ongoing challenges include gas-aerosol interactions, organic nitrogen and N(2) fluxes. The NEU strategy applies a 3-tier Flux Network together with a Manipulation Network of global-change experiments, linked by common protocols to facilitate model application. Substantial progress has been made in modelling N fluxes, especially for N(2)O, NO and bi-directional NH(3) exchange. Landscape analysis represents an emerging challenge to address the spatial interactions between farms, fields, ecosystems, catchments and air dispersion/deposition. European up-scaling of N fluxes is highly uncertain and a key priority is for better data on agricultural practices. Finally, attention is needed to develop N flux verification procedures to assess compliance with international protocols.
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