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  • Title: Clinical presentation and time course in hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactams.
    Author: Bousquet PJ, Kvedariene V, Co-Minh HB, Martins P, Rongier M, Arnoux B, Demoly P.
    Journal: Allergy; 2007 Aug; 62(8):872-6. PubMed ID: 17620063.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: beta-lactam hypersensitivity reactions are classified as immediate or nonimmediate. Diagnosis is usually based upon skin tests and provocation challenges. OBJECTIVE: The time course of the reactions in proven beta-lactam hypersensitivities was studied and then correlated with the symptoms to determine the relationship between the clinical presentations and the time course. METHOD: All of the patients who consulted between 1996 and 2004 for a suspected beta-lactam hypersensitivity reaction were studied. Two hundred and ten patients with a proven hypersensitivity reaction diagnosed according to the European Network on Drug Allergy were included in the present study. RESULTS: Of the patients, 36.7% had urticaria as a single symptom, 19.1% anaphylaxis without shock, 17.6% anaphylactic shock and 19.1% maculopapular exanthema. Anaphylactic shock and anaphylaxis mostly occurred within 1 h after drug administration. Exanthema mainly occurred after 24 h. Urticaria as a single symptom occurred at any time. A firm diagnosis was determined using immediate-reading skin prick (10.0%) and intradermal tests (38.1%), late-reading skin tests (19.1%) or provocation tests (32.9%). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPLICATION: Depending on the time course of the reaction, three clinical groups were identified: anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock (immediate reaction); maculopapular exanthema (late reaction) as well as urticaria (immediate and late reaction).
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