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  • Title: The importance of CTLA-4 polymorphism and human leukocyte antigen genotype for the induction of diabetes-associated cytokine response in healthy school children.
    Author: Jonson CO, Lernmark A, Ludvigsson J, Rutledge EA, Hinkkanen A, Faresjö M.
    Journal: Pediatr Diabetes; 2007 Aug; 8(4):185-92. PubMed ID: 17659059.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease associated with the destruction of pancreatic beta cells and genetically linked to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II DR3-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8 haplotypes. The +49A/G polymorphism of the immunoregulatory cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene is also associated with T1D. Genetic and environmental risk factors precede the onset of T1D, which is characterized by a T helper 1 cell-dominating cytokine response to diabetes-related autoantigens. AIM: To investigate immunological differences between healthy children with and without CTLA-4 +49A/G and HLA genetic susceptibility for T1D. STUDY DESIGN: Young, 7-15 years of age, healthy subjects (n = 58) were investigated to test whether CTLA-4 +49A/G genotype was associated with enzyme-linked immunospot assay T-cell responses to T1D-related autoantigens. Because T1D is primarily HLA-DQ associated, we stratified the healthy subjects by HLA genotypes associated with the disease. RESULTS: Peptide of heat shock protein 60 induced a higher interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) response in subjects with risk-associated CTLA-4 polymorphism (GG genotype) (p = 0.02) while glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-induced interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion was lower in GG genotype subjects (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The increased IFN-gamma response and lower IL-4 response toward diabetes-related autoantigens shown in CTLA-4 +49 GG risk subjects show a possible mechanism for the association between CTLA-4 and T1D.
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