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  • Title: Differential contribution of bacterial N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl- phenylalanine and host-derived CXC chemokines to neutrophil infiltration into pulmonary alveoli during murine pneumococcal pneumonia.
    Author: Gauthier JF, Fortin A, Bergeron Y, Dumas MC, Champagne ME, Bergeron MG.
    Journal: Infect Immun; 2007 Nov; 75(11):5361-7. PubMed ID: 17709413.
    Abstract:
    Despite the development of new potent antibiotics, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the leading cause of death from bacterial pneumonia. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment into the lungs is a primordial step towards host survival. Bacterium-derived N-formyl peptides (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine [fMLP]) and host-derived chemokines (KC and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 [MIP-2]) are likely candidates among chemoattractants to coordinate PMN infiltration into alveolar spaces. To investigate the contribution of each in the context of pneumococcal pneumonia, CD1, BALB/c, CBA/ca, C57BL/6, and formyl peptide receptor (FPR)-knockout C57BL/6 mice were infected with 10(6) or 10(7) CFU of penicillin/erythromycin-susceptible or -resistant serotype 3 or 14 S. pneumoniae strains. Antagonists to the FPR, such as cyclosporine H (CsH) and chenodeoxycholic acid, or neutralizing antibodies to KC and MIP-2 were injected either 1 h before or 30 min after infection, and then bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were obtained for quantification of bacteria, leukocytes, and chemokines. CsH was effective over a short period after infection with a high inoculum, while anti-CXC chemokine antibodies were effective after challenge with a low inoculum. CsH prevented PMN infiltration in CD1 mice infected with either serotype 3 or 14, whereas antichemokine antibodies showed better efficacy against the serotype 3 strain. When different mouse strains were challenged with serotype 3 bacteria, CsH prevented PMN migration in the CD1 mice only, whereas the antibodies were effective against CD1 and C57BL/6 mice. Our results suggest that fMLP and chemokines play important roles in pneumococcal pneumonia and that these roles vary according to bacterial and host genetic backgrounds, implying redundancy among chemoattractant molecules.
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