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  • Title: Topical review-connective tissue diseases: orofacial manifestations including pain.
    Author: Klasser GD, Balasubramaniam R, Epstein J.
    Journal: J Orofac Pain; 2007; 21(3):171-84. PubMed ID: 17717956.
    Abstract:
    This topical review presents an overview of orofacial manifestations associated with the more common connective tissue diseases affecting multiple organs. The orofacial manifestations associated with these autoimmune disorders include oral mucosa alterations, salivary gland pathosis, sensory neuropathies, headaches, and temporomandibular disorders. Since many of these orofacial manifestations may be painful, the practitioner managing pain patients should be familiar with them. An understanding of the orofacial manifestations associated with these systemic diseases will enable the pain practitioner to establish an appropriate diagnosis within the context of the underlying systemic disease. This will allow the practitioner the opportunity to contribute and collaborate as a member of a multidisciplinary health-care team in the management of these systemic autoimmune diseases.
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