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  • Title: Population pharmacokinetic analysis of carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations in adult cigarette smokers.
    Author: Cronenberger C, Mould DR, Roethig HJ, Sarkar M.
    Journal: Br J Clin Pharmacol; 2008 Jan; 65(1):30-9. PubMed ID: 17764477.
    Abstract:
    AIMS: To develop a population-based model to describe and predict the pharmacokinetics of carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) in adult smokers. METHODS: Data from smokers of different conventional cigarettes (CC) in three open-label, randomized studies were analysed using NONMEM (version V, Level 1.1). COHb concentrations were determined at baseline for two cigarettes [Federal Trade Commission (FTC) tar 11 mg; CC1, or FTC tar 6 mg; CC2]. On day 1, subjects were randomized to continue smoking their original cigarettes, switch to a different cigarette (FTC tar 1 mg; CC3), or stop smoking. COHb concentrations were measured at baseline and on days 3 and 8 after randomization. Each cigarette was treated as a unit dose assuming a linear relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked and measured COHb percent saturation. Model building used standard methods. Model performance was evaluated using nonparametric bootstrapping and predictive checks. RESULTS: The data were described by a two-compartment model with zero-order input and first-order elimination with endogenous COHb. Model parameters included elimination rate constant (k(10)), central volume of distribution (Vc/F), rate constants between central and peripheral compartments (k(12) and k(21)), baseline COHb concentrations (c0), and relative fraction of carbon monoxide absorbed (F1). The median (range) COHb half-lives were 1.6 h (0.680-2.76) and 30.9 h (7.13-367) (alpha and beta phases, respectively). F1 increased with increasing cigarette tar content and age, whereas k(12) increased with ideal body weight. CONCLUSION: A robust model was developed to predict COHb concentrations in adult smokers and to determine optimum COHb sampling times in future studies.
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