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  • Title: Femoral fracture malrotation caused by freehand versus navigated distal interlocking.
    Author: Gardner MJ, Citak M, Kendoff D, Krettek C, Hüfner T.
    Journal: Injury; 2008 Feb; 39(2):176-80. PubMed ID: 17888433.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVES: Rotational deformity following intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures is a clinically significant and underdiagnosed problem. Intraoperative determination of rotation is difficult and may be caused by several factors. The insertion of interlocking screws at a slightly oblique angle may cause a substantial degree of rotational deformity, and this factor has not been evaluated as a cause of malrotation. METHODS: In eight paired cadaveric femurs, a midshaft transverse fracture was created and an antegrade nail was placed. The specimens were placed in a custom jig which allowed free rotation of the distal segment. Distal interlocking was performed using either a freehand technique or with navigation, and femoral anteversion was measured before and after interlocking to determine the change caused by the interlocking screw. RESULTS: Freehand placement led to rotational shift up to 7 degrees (mean, 5.8 degrees ; range, 4-7 degrees ), and navigated insertion led to a change of 2.0 degrees (range, 1-3 degrees ; p<0.05). In addition, drill-nail contact and a visible shift of the fracture site occurred in all freehand trials, whereas in the navigation group, contact occurred in only one trial without fracture movement. CONCLUSIONS: Freehand distal interlocking may be a substantial cause of rotational deformity, and the assistance of computer navigation systems may improve this malrotation.
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