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  • Title: N-hydroxyimides as efficient ligands for the copper-catalyzed N-arylation of pyrrole, imidazole, and indole.
    Author: Ma HC, Jiang XZ.
    Journal: J Org Chem; 2007 Nov 09; 72(23):8943-6. PubMed ID: 17935350.
    Abstract:
    An experimentally simple, efficient, and inexpensive catalyst system was developed for the N-arylation of pyrroles, indoles, and imidazole with aryl and heteroaryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides by applying CuI as catalyst, N-hydroxysuccinimide (L1), N-hydroxymaleimide (L2), or N-hydroxyphthalimide (L3) as ligand, CH3ONa as base, and DMSO as solvent. A variety of functional groups are tolerated in the reaction, including those that are not compatible with Pd-catalyzed amidation methodology.
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