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  • Title: The use of botulinum toxin A in perioral rejuvenation.
    Author: Kaplan SE, Sherris DA, Gassner HG, Friedman O.
    Journal: Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am; 2007 Nov; 15(4):415-21, v-vi. PubMed ID: 18005882.
    Abstract:
    Botulinum toxin A is an effective and safe treatment for perioral rejuvenation. This article explores the application of this toxin for cosmetic use in the perioral region, facial asymmetry, and improved facial wound healing. This article also describes how the use of botulinum toxin A, which has traditionally been used on the upper one third of the face, has expanded to the lower two thirds with the advent of a new formulation that consists of botulinum toxin combined with an anesthetic agent and a vasoconstrictor. The new formula provides the injecting physician with immediate feedback on the eventual treatment effect and reduces local diffusion of the simultaneously injected agents, potentially limiting systemic absorption and diffusion to neighboring muscle groups and adding to an already remarkable safety profile.
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