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  • Title: Interventional approaches to pain management.
    Author: Markman JD, Philip A.
    Journal: Anesthesiol Clin; 2007 Dec; 25(4):883-98, viii. PubMed ID: 18054151.
    Abstract:
    This article reviews the evidence for several common interventional techniques for the treatment of chronic pain, including: intraspinal delivery of analgesics, reversible blockade with local anesthetics, augmentation with spinal cord stimulation, and ablation with radiofrequency energy or neurolytic agents. The role of these techniques is defined within the framework of a multidisciplinary approach to the neurobehavioral syndrome of chronic pain. Challenges to the study of the analgesic efficacy of procedural interventions are explored, as are the practical issues raised by their clinical implementation, with the aim of helping nonspecialist physicians identify the patients most likely to benefit from these approaches.
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