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  • Title: The presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 interferes with effect of TGF-beta1 on antigen presenting cells in patients with multiple sclerosis and in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
    Author: Xiao BG, Zhu WH, Lu CZ.
    Journal: Cell Immunol; 2007 Sep; 249(1):30-6. PubMed ID: 18061154.
    Abstract:
    The possibility to generate and expand tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) with TGF-beta1 in vitro opens new therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In the present study, GM-CSF+IL-4 induced the differentiation of DC from adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which had a higher expression of HLA-DR, CD86 and CD1a and the capacity to stimulate T cells. TGF-beta1 alone slightly promoted the generation of antigen presenting cells (APC) with higher expression of CD14, but did not differentiate them into E-cadherin+Langerhans cell (LC)-like DC. TGF-beta1-driven APC exhibited the morphology, phenotypes and functions of tolerogenic immature DC, and had lower capacity to stimulate T cells. In vivo experiment demonstrates that TGF-beta1-treated APC exhibited the therapeutic potential in Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), followed by increase of IL-10 production in lymph nodes and decrease of inflammatory cells in spinal cords. Most importantly, GM-CSF/IL-4 used in DC preparation abolished the effect of TGF-beta1 to induce tolerogenic APC in vitro and in vivo. The results reveal that the usage of GM-CSF for the generation of tolerogenic DC should not be copied from DC preparation for anti-tumor therapy.
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