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  • Title: Hypomanic, cyclothymic and hostile personality traits in bipolar spectrum illness: a family-based study.
    Author: Savitz J, van der Merwe L, Ramesar R.
    Journal: J Psychiatr Res; 2008 Sep; 42(11):920-9. PubMed ID: 18082182.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVES: To examine hypomanic, cyclothymic and hostile personality traits in a large, euthymic, family-based group of individuals with bipolar disorder (BPD) and their affectively ill and healthy relatives. To test whether these traits follow a distribution with the most "pathological" scores in the bipolar disorder I (BPD I) group and the least "pathological" scores in the unaffected relatives. METHODS: Two-hundred and ninety-six individuals from 47 bipolar disorder families were administered a battery of personality questionnaires (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego; Temperament and Character Inventory; Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale; Hypomanic Personality Scale; Borderline Traits Questionnaire) as well as a self-rating depression (Beck Depression Inventory) and mania (Altman Self-Rating Mania) scale. Out of the 296 participants, 57 were diagnosed with BPD I, 24 with bipolar disorder II (BPD II), 58 with recurrent major depression (MDE-R), 45 had one previous depressive episode (MDE-S), and 86 were unaffected. Twenty six individuals had another DSM-IV diagnosis. RESULTS: The BPD I group displayed elevated hypomanic, cyclothymic and hostile traits. These traits were also characteristic of the BPD II group but were less salient in the MDE-R group. The MDE-S group did not differ significantly from unaffected relatives. Hypomanic personality characteristics were clearly elevated in both BPD groups and differentiated BPD from major depressive disorder (MDD) individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that temperament is a genetically quantitative trait.
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