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  • Title: Head trauma after instrumental births.
    Author: Doumouchtsis SK, Arulkumaran S.
    Journal: Clin Perinatol; 2008 Mar; 35(1):69-83. PubMed ID: 18280876.
    Abstract:
    Instrumental vaginal delivery involves the use of the vacuum extractor or obstetric forceps to facilitate delivery of the fetus. It is associated with substantial risk of head injury, including hemorrhage, fractures, and, rarely, brain damage or fetal death. This review article describes the different types, etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, and clinical features of head trauma after instrumental birth, along with their management and prevention strategies.
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