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  • Title: War experiences and war-related distress in Bosnia and Herzegovina eight years after war.
    Author: Ringdal GI, Ringdal K, Simkus A.
    Journal: Croat Med J; 2008 Feb; 49(1):75-86. PubMed ID: 18293460.
    Abstract:
    AIM: To examine the relationship between war experiences and war-related distress in Bosnia and Herzegovina. METHODS: The survey was performed in the late 2003 on a representative sample of 3313 respondents. The face-to-face interviews included 15 items on war-related distress and 24 items on war experiences. From these items we developed the War-related Distress Scale, the Direct War Experiences Scale, and the Indirect War Experiences Scale. Regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between war-related distress symptoms and war experiences variables, controlling for a range of other variables. RESULTS: Almost half of the respondents did not report any war-related distress symptoms, while about 13% reported 7 or more symptoms. Direct war experiences had a significant effect on war-related distress even eight years after the war, while indirect war experiences showed no significant effect on war-related distress. We found that marital status weakly decreased war-related distress, while household size increased it. CONCLUSION: Direct war experiences seem to have a long-lasting traumatic effect on a substantial number of residents of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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