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  • Title: In vitro frictional forces generated by three different ligation methods.
    Author: Gandini P, Orsi L, Bertoncini C, Massironi S, Franchi L.
    Journal: Angle Orthod; 2008 Sep; 78(5):917-21. PubMed ID: 18298218.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the frictional forces produced by a passive self-ligating bracket (SLB) in vitro and a conventional bracket (CB) used with two types of elastomeric ligatures. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The brackets, wires and ligation methods used in vitro were a passive SLB and a CB used with two types of elastomeric ligatures (conventional elastomeric ligature [CEL] and unconventional elastomeric ligatures [UEL]). The bracket ligation systems were tested with two types of wires (0.014'' super elastic nickel titanium wire and 0.019'' x 0.025'' stainless steel wire). Resistance to sliding of the bracket/wire/ligature systems was measured with an experimental model mounted on the crosshead of an Instron testing machine with a 10 N load cell. Each sample was tested 10 consecutive times under a dry state. RESULTS: Frictional forces close to 0 g were recorded in all tests with SLB and in all tests with UEL on CB with both wire types. Resistance to sliding increased significantly (87-177 g) (P < .05) when CEL on CB was used with both wires. CONCLUSION: UELs may represent a valid alternative to passive SLBs for low-friction biomechanics.
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