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  • Title: Calf welfare.
    Author: Stull C, Reynolds J.
    Journal: Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract; 2008 Mar; 24(1):191-203. PubMed ID: 18299038.
    Abstract:
    Many factors contribute to the well-being of calves on the commercial dairy including housing and environment; nutritional and health programs; handling and caretaker interactions; herd dynamics; and the common management practices of transportation, euthanasia, dehorning, and teat removal. Ensuring and assessing the welfare of calves on commercial dairies is a complex challenge, especially because the terminology and factors contributing to assessing animal welfare in agricultural animals, such as dairy calves, has not been clearly defined within the scientific community.
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