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  • Title: Neuro-ophthalmological findings in closed head trauma.
    Author: Sabates NR, Gonce MA, Farris BK.
    Journal: J Clin Neuroophthalmol; 1991 Dec; 11(4):273-7. PubMed ID: 1838548.
    Abstract:
    Visual abnormalities following closed head trauma are common and can affect any part of the visual pathway. We reviewed 181 consecutive patients referred with visual complaints following closed head trauma. A motor vehicle accident was the most common etiology of trauma in 57% of cases, direct trauma to the head in 15%, and injuries sustained from a fall in 13%. Sixty-three percent of patients lost consciousness and 26% suffered a skull fracture. Thirty-five percent of all patients had visual field defects with functional (tunnel) fields the most common. Over 88% of eyes had 20/20 or better visual acuity. Thirty-three percent of patients suffered a cranial nerve palsy, with 75% resolving without intervention. The severity of head injury was directly related to the lack of proper seat belt and helmet use. Most visual complaints were improved with a simple refraction. Most binocular diplopia cleared with time, with only 15 cases requiring surgical correction.
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