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  • Title: An integrated wastewater reuse concept combining natural reclamation techniques, membrane filtration and metal oxide adsorption.
    Author: Sperlich A, Zheng X, Ernst M, Jekel M.
    Journal: Water Sci Technol; 2008; 57(6):909-14. PubMed ID: 18413952.
    Abstract:
    In a Sino-German research project, a sustainable water reclamation concept was developed for different applications of municipal water reuse at the Olympic Green 2008 in Beijing, China. Results from pilot-scale experiments in Beijing and Berlin show that selective nutrient removal by adsorption onto granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) after a membrane bioreactor (MBR) can maintain a total phosphorus concentration of <0.03 microg L(-1) P, thus preventing eutrophication of artificial lakes. Operation time of GFH adsorption columns can be extended by regeneration using sodium hydroxide solution. A subsequent ultrafiltration (UF) membrane after bank filtration creates an additional barrier for pathogens and allows for further urban reuse applications such as toilet flushing. Short term bank / bio-filtration prior to UF is shown to effectively remove biopolymers and reduce membrane fouling.
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