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  • Title: Metabolic activation of carboxylic acids.
    Author: Skonberg C, Olsen J, Madsen KG, Hansen SH, Grillo MP.
    Journal: Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol; 2008 Apr; 4(4):425-38. PubMed ID: 18433345.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Carboxylic acids constitute a large and heterogeneous class of both endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. A number of carboxylic acid drugs have been associated with adverse reactions, linked to the metabolic activation of the carboxylic acid moiety of the compounds, i.e., formation of acyl-glucuronides and acyl-CoA thioesters. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to give an overview of the current knowledge on metabolic activation of carboxylic acids and how such metabolites may play a role in adverse reactions and toxicity. METHODS: Literature concerning the formation and disposition of acyl glucuronides and acyl-CoA thioesters was searched. Also included were papers on the chemical reactivity of acyl glutathione-thioesters, and literature concerning possible links between metabolic activation of carboxylic acids and reported cellular and clinical effects. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: This review demonstrates that metabolites of carboxylic acid drugs must be considered chemically reactive, and that the current knowledge about metabolic activation of this compound class can be a good starting-point for further studies on the consequences of chemically reactive metabolites.
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