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  • Title: Metabolic syndrome and self-reported history of kidney stones: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994.
    Author: West B, Luke A, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Cao G, Shoham D, Kramer H.
    Journal: Am J Kidney Dis; 2008 May; 51(5):741-7. PubMed ID: 18436084.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome affects approximately 25% of the American population. Components of metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, were associated with kidney stone disease, but no published large-scale study examined the association between metabolic syndrome and history of kidney stones. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. The American Heart Association and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute statement on metabolic syndrome was used to define metabolic syndrome. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: A national probability sample of the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey aged 20 years and older. PREDICTOR: Metabolic syndrome as defined by the American Heart Association and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported history of kidney stones. RESULTS: Of all adults older than 20 years, 4.7% reported a history of kidney stones. The prevalence of self-reported history of kidney stones increased with the number of metabolic syndrome traits from 3% with 0 traits to 7.5% with 3 traits to 9.8% with 5 traits. After adjustment for age and other covariates, the presence of 2 or more traits significantly increased the odds of self-reported kidney stone disease. The presence of 4 or more traits was associated with an approximate 2-fold increase in odds of self-reported kidney stone disease. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional design, absence of dietary data. CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome traits are associated with a self-reported history of kidney stones. This association should be verified in prospective studies.
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