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  • Title: Lymphangiogenesis induced by VEGF-C and VEGF-D promotes metastasis and a poor outcome in breast carcinoma: a retrospective study of 61 cases.
    Author: Gu Y, Qi X, Guo S.
    Journal: Clin Exp Metastasis; 2008; 25(7):717-25. PubMed ID: 18512120.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: To evaluate lymphangiogenesis in patients with breast carcinoma, explore the underlying mechanism, and study the relationship between lymphangiogenesis and progression of breast carcinoma. METHODS: Sixty-one cases of breast carcinoma with complete clinical and pathological data were analyzed. Using an anti-podoplanin monoclonal antibody, an immunohistochemical study was made of all specimens to detect lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and to investigate its clinicopathological and prognostic value. VEGF-C and VEGF-D were observed by RT-PCR and immunostaining to investigate their clinicopathological and prognostic values and their relationship with lymphangiogenesis. RESULTS: LVD in breast carcinoma (6.28+/-3.73) was significantly higher than in benign mammary lesions (0.50+/-1.27), P<0.01 and was significantly associated with lymphatic metastasis and high TNM stage, P<0.01. The level of VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression was also significantly higher in breast carcinomas than in benign mammary lesions, P<0.01. LVD increased significantly with higher expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D, P<0.01. Patients with high expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D were observed to be more likely to have a bad outcome, P<0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphangiogenesis was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, high TNM, and poor outcome in breast carcinoma. LVD may serve as a predictor of lymph node metastasis and a prognostic factor in breast carcinoma. VEGF-C and VEGF-D play an important role in lymphangiogenesis making the carcinoma more aggressive and leading to a poor prognosis.
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