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  • Title: Selective inhibition of human heteromeric alpha9alpha10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at a low agonist concentration by low concentrations of ototoxic organic solvents.
    Author: van Kleef RG, Vijverberg HP, Westerink RH.
    Journal: Toxicol In Vitro; 2008 Sep; 22(6):1568-72. PubMed ID: 18602458.
    Abstract:
    Ethylbenzene and para-xylene (p-xylene), but not the chemically closely related organic solvents ortho-xylene (o-xylene) and meta-xylene (m-xylene), are known to cause ototoxicity and irreversible hearing loss, though the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, effects of ethylbenzene and of p-, o-, and m-xylene on human heteromeric alpha9alpha10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed in Xenopus oocytes were investigated using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. ACh dose-dependently evoked an alpha9alpha10 nAChR-mediated ion current with an EC(50) of 137 microM. When ACh is applied at a low concentration (10 microM), the nAChR-mediated ion current is inhibited by a low concentration (10 microM) of ethylbenzene and p-xylene, but not by the same concentration of the non-ototoxic solvents. At a high solvent concentration (300 microM), all solvents cause inhibition of the ion currents evoked by 10 microM ACh. Ion currents evoked by a near maximum-effective concentration ACh (1mM) are inhibited by the selected organic solvents only at 300 microM. These results demonstrate that low concentrations of the known ototoxic solvents ethylbenzene and p-xylene inhibit alpha9alpha10 nAChR-mediated ion currents, whereas the structurally related, non-ototoxic solvents m-xylene and o-xylene do not, indicating that the alpha9alpha10 nAChR is a potential target for solvent-induced ototoxicity.
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