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  • Title: Assessment of brachial plexus blockade in chickens by an axillary approach.
    Author: Figueiredo JP, Cruz ML, Mendes GM, Marucio RL, Riccó CH, Campagnol D.
    Journal: Vet Anaesth Analg; 2008 Nov; 35(6):511-8. PubMed ID: 18699811.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the brachial plexus block in chickens by an axillary approach and using a peripheral nerve stimulator. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. ANIMALS: Six, 84-week old, female chickens. METHODS: Midazolam (1 mg kg(-1)) and butorphanol (1 mg kg(-1)) were administered into the pectoralis muscle. Fifteen minutes later, the birds were positioned in lateral recumbency and following palpation of the anatomic landmarks, a catheter was inserted using an axillary approach to the brachial plexus. Lidocaine or bupivacaine (1 mL kg(-1)) was injected after plexus localization by the nerve stimulator. Sensory function was tested before and after blockade (carpus, radius/ulna, humerus and pectoralis muscle) in the blocked and unblocked wings. The latency to onset of motor and sensory block and the duration of sensory block were recorded. A Friedman nonparametric one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare scores from baseline values over time and to compare the differences between wings at each time point. RESULTS: A total of 18 blocks were performed with a success rate of 66.6% (12/18). The latency for motor block was 2.8 +/- 1.1 and 3.2 +/- 0.4 minutes for lidocaine and bupivacaine, respectively. The latencies for and durations of the sensory block were 6.0 +/- 2.5 and 64.0 +/- 18.0 and 7.8 +/- 5.8 and 91.6 +/- 61.7 minutes for lidocaine and bupivacaine, respectively. There was no statistical difference between these times for lidocaine or bupivacaine. Sensory function was not abolished in nonblocked wings. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The brachial plexus block was an easy technique to perform but had a high failure rate. It might be useful for providing anesthesia or postoperative analgesia of the wing in chickens and exotic avian species that have similar wing anatomy.
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