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  • Title: Mass spectrometry to detect the site specificity of advanced glycation/lipoxidation end-product formation on protein: some challenges and solutions.
    Author: Ames JM.
    Journal: Biochem Soc Trans; 2008 Oct; 36(Pt 5):1051-4. PubMed ID: 18793187.
    Abstract:
    Formation of AGEs (advanced glycation end-products) and ALEs (advanced lipoxidation end-products) on proteins is associated with aging and various diseases of oxidative stress, notably diabetes and its complications. Modification of protein to AGE/ALEs is known to be site-directed and this has potential implications for protein functionality and design of AGE/ALE inhibitors. Determination of the site-specificity of modification is achieved most efficiently by MS. The present paper summarizes some of the challenges that need to be addressed when determining the site-specificity of AGE/ALE formation on protein by MS, using the protein RNase as an example. The following topics are discussed: formation and significance of AGE/ALEs, location of glycated peptides, enzymic digestion of glycated peptides and selection of mass spectrometric settings of analysis for glycated peptides.
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