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  • Title: Snail and Slug promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition through beta-catenin-T-cell factor-4-dependent expression of transforming growth factor-beta3.
    Author: Medici D, Hay ED, Olsen BR.
    Journal: Mol Biol Cell; 2008 Nov; 19(11):4875-87. PubMed ID: 18799618.
    Abstract:
    Members of the Snail family of transcription factors have been shown to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a fundamental mechanism of embryogenesis and progressive disease. Here, we show that Snail and Slug promote formation of beta-catenin-T-cell factor (TCF)-4 transcription complexes that bind to the promoter of the TGF-beta3 gene to increase its transcription. Subsequent transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta3 signaling increases LEF-1 gene expression causing formation of beta-catenin-lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF)-1 complexes that initiate EMT. TGF-beta1 or TGF-beta2 stimulates this signaling mechanism by up-regulating synthesis of Snail and Slug. TGF-beta1- and TGF-beta2-induced EMT were found to be TGF-beta3 dependent, establishing essential roles for multiple TGF-beta isoforms. Finally, we determined that beta-catenin-LEF-1 complexes can promote EMT without upstream signaling pathways. These findings provide evidence for a unified signaling mechanism driven by convergence of multiple TGF-beta and TCF signaling molecules that confers loss of cell-cell adhesion and acquisition of the mesenchymal phenotype.
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