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  • Title: The Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein GRA7 is phosphorylated upon invasion and forms an unexpected association with the rhoptry proteins ROP2 and ROP4.
    Author: Dunn JD, Ravindran S, Kim SK, Boothroyd JC.
    Journal: Infect Immun; 2008 Dec; 76(12):5853-61. PubMed ID: 18809661.
    Abstract:
    The obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii infects warm-blooded animals throughout the world and is an opportunistic pathogen of humans. As it invades a host cell, Toxoplasma forms a novel organelle, the parasitophorous vacuole, in which it resides during its intracellular development. The parasite modifies the parasitophorous vacuole and its host cell with numerous proteins delivered from rhoptries and dense granules, which are secretory organelles unique to the phylum Apicomplexa. For the majority of these proteins, little is known other than their localization. Here we show that the dense granule protein GRA7 is phosphorylated but only in the presence of host cells. Within 10 min of invasion, GRA7 is present in strand-like structures in the host cytosol that contain rhoptry proteins. GRA7 strands also contain GRA1 and GRA3. Independently of its phosphorylation state, GRA7 associates with the rhoptry proteins ROP2 and ROP4 in infected host cells. This is the first report of interactions between proteins secreted from rhoptries and dense granules.
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