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  • Title: Classifying EEG signals preceding right hand, left hand, tongue, and right foot movements and motor imageries.
    Author: Morash V, Bai O, Furlani S, Lin P, Hallett M.
    Journal: Clin Neurophysiol; 2008 Nov; 119(11):2570-8. PubMed ID: 18845473.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To use the neural signals preceding movement and motor imagery to predict which of the four movements/motor imageries is about to occur, and to access this utility for brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. METHODS: Eight naïve subjects performed or kinesthetically imagined four movements while electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded from 29 channels over sensorimotor areas. The task was instructed with a specific stimulus (S1) and performed at a second stimulus (S2). A classifier was trained and tested offline at differentiating the EEG signals from movement/imagery preparation (the 1.5-s preceding movement/imagery execution). RESULTS: Accuracy of movement/imagery preparation classification varied between subjects. The system preferentially selected event-related (de)synchronization (ERD/ERS) signals for classification, and high accuracies were associated with classifications that relied heavily on the ERD/ERS to discriminate movement/imagery planning. CONCLUSIONS: The ERD/ERS preceding movement and motor imagery can be used to predict which of the four movements/imageries is about to occur. Prediction accuracy depends on this signal's accessibility. SIGNIFICANCE: The ERD/ERS is the most specific pre-movement/imagery signal to the movement/imagery about to be performed.
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