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  • Title: Venous gangrene (phlegmasia caerulea dolens) complicating heart failure from severe mitral stenosis--a case history.
    Author: Lau CP, Leung WH, Wong CK, Cheng CH.
    Journal: Angiology; 1991 Aug; 42(8):654-8. PubMed ID: 1892241.
    Abstract:
    Gangrene of the left upper limb was found to complicate severe mitral stenosis presenting with heart failure in a sixty-eight-year-old woman with a documented left atrial thrombus. Arterial obstruction as the cause of gangrene was excluded by Doppler-assisted assessment of the peripheral pulses. Venous gangrene can complicate severe mitral stenosis and must be distinguished from arterial embolization, in which urgent surgical treatment is imperative.
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