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  • Title: Calcium hydroxide inactivates lipoteichoic acid from Enterococcus faecalis.
    Author: Baik JE, Kum KY, Yun CH, Lee JK, Lee K, Kim KK, Han SH.
    Journal: J Endod; 2008 Nov; 34(11):1355-1359. PubMed ID: 18928846.
    Abstract:
    Calcium hydroxide is a widely used endodontic medicament for eliminating viable bacteria and inactivating virulence factors. Enterococcus faecalis, a pathogenic gram-positive bacterium, has been associated with refractory apical periodontitis. Because lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a major virulence factor of gram-positive bacteria, we examined whether calcium hydroxide could detoxify LTA from E. faecalis. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that calcium hydroxide-killed E. faecalis was less potent than heat-killed bacteria in stimulating the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by a murine macrophage line, RAW 264.7 (P < 0.05). Pretreatment of LTA with calcium hydroxide remarkably abrogated the ability of LTA to induce the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P < 0.05). Furthermore, calcium hydroxide-treated LTA was not able to stimulate Toll-like receptor 2, which recognizes functionally intact LTA. These results suggest that calcium hydroxide could detoxify LTA, resulting in attenuation of the inflammatory responses to E. faecalis and its LTA.
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