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  • Title: Peritonitis due to Mycobacterium avium complex in patients with AIDS: report of five cases and review of the literature.
    Author: Wu UI, Chen MY, Hu RH, Hsieh SM, Sheng WH, Lo YC, Hung CC, Chang SC.
    Journal: Int J Infect Dis; 2009 Mar; 13(2):285-90. PubMed ID: 18955006.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) often causes disseminated infection in patients at an advanced stage of HIV infection; however, peritonitis associated with disseminated MAC infection is rare. METHODS: In this report, we describe five cases of MAC peritonitis in AIDS patients at our hospital, and analyze these cases alongside 11 previously published cases found in the literature. RESULTS: Most of the AIDS patients with MAC peritonitis had CD4 counts of <50 cells/microl and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels. Other than ascites, MAC was also isolated from other sterile and non-sterile sites. Of note, six patients (37.5%) presented with chylous ascites. CONCLUSIONS: Despite therapy, MAC peritonitis is associated with a grave outcome.
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