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  • Title: [Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of congenital isolated developmental defects of fetal extremities].
    Author: Stygar AM, Demidov VN.
    Journal: Akush Ginekol (Mosk); 1991 May; (5):22-7. PubMed ID: 1897667.
    Abstract:
    The paper shows that echography can be used in the diagnosis of most congenital fetal limb developmental defects. The detection accuracy for severe anatomic defects was 83.3%. That for mild hand and foot developmental defects was achieved in 54.8% of the cases. Bilateral coxofemoral joint dislocation was diagnosed only in 2 fetuses. The paper also presents echograms of most malformations detected and emphasizes that it is essential to make a comprehensive and detailed examination of all fetal limbs.
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