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  • Title: Pharmacodynamic target attainment potential of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and telithromycin in serum and epithelial lining fluid of community-acquired pneumonia patients with penicillin-susceptible, intermediate, and resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.
    Author: Noreddin AM, El-Khatib WF, Aolie J, Salem AH, Zhanel GG.
    Journal: Int J Infect Dis; 2009 Jul; 13(4):483-7. PubMed ID: 19046911.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To compare the probability of target attainment (PTA) for macrolides and ketolides against penicillin-susceptible, intermediate, and resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in both serum and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS: Monte Carlo simulations were used to assess the attainment of the bacterial eradication-linked pharmacodynamic index of the free drug area under the concentration-time curve over 24 hours to minimum inhibitory concentration (fAUC(0-24)/MIC90) by azithromycin, clarithromycin, and telithromycin, at therapeutic doses, against penicillin-susceptible, intermediate, and resistant S. pneumoniae. RESULTS: In serum, azithromycin and clarithromycin were found to have a probability of attaining the recommended fAUC(0-24)/MIC90 ratio of 30 in 50.2% and 74.6%, respectively, of CAP patients with penicillin-intermediate strains, and a probability of 36.9% and 60.7%, respectively, in cases of penicillin-resistant strains. Telithromycin maintained a probability of reaching the fAUC(0-24)/MIC90 ratio of 30 in serum and ELF in 89.1% of CAP patients, regardless of the penicillin resistance of the strain. CONCLUSIONS: Clarithromycin results in a higher PTA than azithromycin in the treatment of penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae, but both of these agents exhibit a decreasing efficacy as S. pneumoniae penicillin resistance increases. When compared to clarithromycin and azithromycin, telithromycin maintains higher PTA in CAP patients with penicillin-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae.
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