These tools will no longer be maintained as of December 31, 2024. Archived website can be found here. PubMed4Hh GitHub repository can be found here. Contact NLM Customer Service if you have questions.


Pubmed for Handhelds

PUBMED FOR HANDHELDS

Search MEDLINE/PubMed

  • Title: Microglial activation and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.
    Author: Wu J, Yang S, Xi G, Song S, Fu G, Keep RF, Hua Y.
    Journal: Acta Neurochir Suppl; 2008; 105():59-65. PubMed ID: 19066084.
    Abstract:
    Microglial activation and thrombin formation contribute to brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) are 2 major proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we investigated whether thrombin stimulates TNF-alpha and IL-1beta secretion in vitro, and whether microglial inhibition reduces ICH-induced brain injury in vivo. There were 2 parts to this study. In the first part, cultured rat microglial cells were treated with vehicle, thrombin (5 and 10U/mL), or thrombin plus tuftsin (0.05 microg/mL), an inhibitor of microglia activation. Levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in culture medium were measured by ELISA at 4, 8, and 24 h after thrombin treatment. In the second part of the study, rats received an intracerebral infusion of 100 microL autologous whole blood with or without 25 microg of tuftsin 1-3 fragment. Rats were killed at day 1 or day 3 for immunohistochemistry and brain water content measurement. We found that thrombin receptors were expressed in cultured microglia cells, and TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in the culture medium were increased after thrombin treatment. Tuftsin reduced thrombin-induced upregulation of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. In vivo, microglia were activated after ICH, and intracerebral injection of tuftsin reduced brain edema in the ipsilateral basal ganglia (81.1 +/- 0.7% vs. 82.7 +/- 1.3% in vehicle-treated group; p < 0.05) after ICH. These results suggest a critical role of microglia activation in ICH-related brain injury.
    [Abstract] [Full Text] [Related] [New Search]