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  • Title: Five-year neurocognitive and health outcomes after the neonatal arterial switch operation.
    Author: Neufeld RE, Clark BG, Robertson CM, Moddemann DM, Dinu IA, Joffe AR, Sauve RS, Creighton DE, Zwaigenbaum L, Ross DB, Rebeyka IM, Western Canadian Complex Pediatric Therapies Follow-up Group.
    Journal: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg; 2008 Dec; 136(6):1413-21, 1421.e1-1421.e2. PubMed ID: 19114183.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the 5-year neurocognition and health of an interprovincial inception cohort undergoing the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. METHODS: Sixty-nine consecutive neonates had operations from 1996-2003 with full-flow cardiopulmonary bypass and selective deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Outcomes were recorded at 58 +/- 9 months of age. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify outcome predictors, including surgical subtype and preoperative, operative, and postoperative variables. RESULTS: There was 1 (1.5%) operative death. Two children were lost to follow-up, and 1 was excluded because of postdischarge meningitis. Outcomes are reported for 65 survivors. Two (3%) children have cerebral palsy, and 7 (11%) have language disorders, 4 of whom also meet the criteria for autism spectrum disorder. Two of the 4 children with autism have an affected older sibling. Of the 61 children without autism, scores approach those of peers, with a full-scale intelligence quotient of 97 +/- 16, a verbal intelligence quotient of 97 +/- 18, a performance intelligence quotient of 96 +/- 15, and a visual-motor integration score of 95 +/- 16. Mother's education, birth gestation or weight, and postoperative plasma lactate values account for 21% to 32% of the variance of these scores. Septostomy adds 7% to the variance of visual-motor integration scores. CONCLUSIONS: Most preschool children do well after surgical correction for transposition of the great arteries, including complex forms. Potentially modifiable variables include high preoperative plasma lactate levels and septostomy. A minority of children were given diagnoses of language disorders, including autism, in which familial factors likely contribute to outcome.
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