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  • Title: A detailed investigation of maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) including clinical characteristics, C-peptide secretion, HLA-DR and -DQ status and autoantibody pattern.
    Author: Hosszúfalusi N, Karcagi V, Horváth R, Palik E, Várkonyi J, Rajczy K, Prohászka Z, Szentirmai C, Karádi I, Romics L, Pánczél P.
    Journal: Diabetes Metab Res Rev; 2009 Feb; 25(2):127-35. PubMed ID: 19116951.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: This article presents a clinically characterization of the mitochondrial DNA mutation (A3243G) associated with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) syndrome in two families. METHODS: Six patients with MIDD and one mutation-positive relative with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were examined. Fasting serum C-peptide was measured in all subjects and compared with controls having NGT (n = 14). C-peptide response to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was investigated in the diabetic patients not treated with insulin (n = 3) and in the mutation-positive healthy individual and compared with the controls. RESULTS: The A3243G heteroplasmy value varied between 5 and 30%. All A3243G carriers had HLA-DR1-DQ5 haplotype, and either the -DQ5 or the -DQ6 allele. The fasting and the serum C-peptide levels at 120 min during the IVGTT did not differ between the A3243G carriers and the controls. A missing first phase and a decreased total C-peptide response was detected in the mutation-positive diabetics compared with controls (p < 0.0001). The same abnormality was found in the A3243G carrier with NGT. Circulating islet cell antibody (ICA) was present in three patients with MIDD. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2 (IA-2) and mitochondrial antibodies were missing. The diagnosis of MIDD was delayed in each case. CONCLUSIONS: A missing first phase and a decreased total C-peptide response during an IVGTT was characteristic for the A3243G mutation. The fasting C-peptide level of the carriers did not differ from the controls. Circulating ICA was present in some patients, but GAD, IA-2 and mitochondrial antibodies were absent. All subjects had HLA-DR1-DQ5 haplotype, and either -DQ5 or -DQ6 alleles.
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