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  • Title: [The influence of lead on concentration of the pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) in pregnant women smoking tobacco--preliminary study].
    Author: Chełchowska M, Gajewska J, Ambroszkiewicz J, Laskowska-Klita T, Bulska EJ, Leibschang J, Szymański M, Barciszewski J.
    Journal: Przegl Lek; 2008; 65(10):470-3. PubMed ID: 19189525.
    Abstract:
    The epidemiology studies conduct in Institute of Mother and Child indicated that in Poland 25-30% women smoke during pregnancy. Lead exposure from cigarette smoke may have a negative effect on transplacental transpire of micronutrients and if coexists with low concentration of pregnancy. associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) resulting in adverse influence on growth and fetal development. Literature date points, those clinical symptoms of high blood level of lead and insufficiency of PAPP-A are similar. Therefore the aim of the study was to estimate the effect of lead from cigarettes on plasma PAPP-A levels in smoking pregnant women. Healthy, pregnant women (n = 30), patients of Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Mother and Child were divided into groups nonsmoking and smoking according to questionnaire declaration. Plasma concentrations of lead were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) on spectrometer analyser ICP MS Elan 6100 (Perkin Elmer, Germany). Plasma level of PAPP-A was measured by immunofluorescence method using BRAHMS (Germany) kits on KRYPTOR (BRAHMS, Germany) analyser. We observed that in plasma of smoking pregnant women the concentration of lead was 2.55 microg/l (range: 0.78-14.6 mg/l) and was higher by 30% than in tobacco abstinent (1.78 microg/l; range: 0.0-4.69 microg/l). In group of smoking mothers level of PAPP-A was lower by 20% than in nonsmoking ones (2.80 IU/L; range: 1.3-9.3 IU/L vs 3.2 IU/L. range: 1.7 - 6.8 IU/L). Our results indicate that tobacco smoking during pregnancy affect in maternal blood lead and plasma protein A values. In smoking women lower concentrations of PAPP-A co-exist with higher than in tobacco abstinent level of lead which may suggest correlation between these parameters. Further studies will be continued in larger group of women in all trimesters of pregnancy to confirm of this association.
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