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  • Title: A questionnaire-based assessment of symptoms associated with tear film dysfunction and lid margin disease in an Asian population.
    Author: Tong L, Saw SM, Lamoureux EL, Wang JJ, Rosman M, Tan DT, Wong TY.
    Journal: Ophthalmic Epidemiol; 2009; 16(1):31-7. PubMed ID: 19191179.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: To study the prevalence, associated factors and impact of symptomatic dry eye in an Asian population. METHODS: A population based survey of eye diseases in 3,280 (78.7% response rate) Malay persons aged 40-80 selected from designated areas in southwestern Singapore. Participants were administered a standardized dry eye questionnaire consisting of 6 questions on symptoms, and had a comprehensive systemic and ocular examination. Symptoms of tear film dysfunction (STFD) was defined as one or more self-reported symptoms that were frequently present (ranked often or all the time). RESULTS: The prevalence rate of STFD was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.7, 7.4). The prevalence was significantly higher in men compared to women (8.2% and 4.9%, respectively; p < 0.001) and decreased with age in men (p = 0.002) but not in women (p = 0.101). After adjusting for age, gender, nature of work (outdoor/indoor), and housing type, factors significantly associated with STFD were cigarette smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.77, 95% CI: 1.17-2.66), thyroid disease (OR 2.58; 95% CI: 1.29-5.18) and higher income (OR 1.74; 95% CI: 1.13-2.68). STFD were associated with self-reported difficulty in performing daily activities (work, family and leisure related) (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: STFD are present in 6.5% of Singapore Malay adults and is associated with cigarette smoking, presence of thyroid disease and a reduced visual function-related quality of life.
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