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  • Title: Immunocytochemical Localization of Glucagon-Related Peptides in the Cerebral Ganglion of the Protochordate Ascidian, Styela plicata.
    Author: Pestarino M.
    Journal: J Neuroendocrinol; 1990 Oct 01; 2(5):641-5. PubMed ID: 19215400.
    Abstract:
    Abstract The central nervous system of the protochordate ascidian Styela plicata has been investigated by means of immunocytochemical techniques in order to localize peptides of the glucagon/secretin family. In particular, glucagon- and peptide histidine isoleucine-containing neurons were localized in the cortex of the cerebral ganglion, and numerous nerve cell bodies containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide occurred mainly in the medullary zone. Moreover, coexistence of glucagon/peptide histidine isoleucine and glucagon/vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was detected in a few cortical neurons. The localization of peptide histidine isoleucine-like peptides in the central nervous system and alimentary tract supports the occurrence of a 'brain-gut axis' in protochordates as well as in vertebrates and some invertebrates, while glucagon- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like substances can be considered exclusively as neuropeptides.
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