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  • Title: Regulation of macrophage activation and septic shock susceptibility via p21(WAF1/CIP1).
    Author: Trakala M, Arias CF, García MI, Moreno-Ortiz MC, Tsilingiri K, Fernández PJ, Mellado M, Díaz-Meco MT, Moscat J, Serrano M, Martínez-A C, Balomenos D.
    Journal: Eur J Immunol; 2009 Mar; 39(3):810-9. PubMed ID: 19224635.
    Abstract:
    p21 is a cell-cycle inhibitor that is also known to suppress autoimmunity. Here, we provide evidence of a novel role for p21 as an inhibitor of macrophage activation. LPS stimulation of p21-deficient peritoneal macrophages induced increased activation compared with controls, with elevated production of proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. The enhanced activity of LPS-stimulated p21-deficient macrophages correlated with increased activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. LPS stimulation of p21-deficient macrophages led to increased IkappaBalpha kinase activity, and increased IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, resulting in elevated NF-kappaB activity. The effect of p21 in macrophage activation was independent of its cell-cycle inhibitory role. p21(-/-) mice showed greater sensitivity to LPS-induced septic shock than did WT mice, indicating that p21 contributes to maintenance of a balanced response to inflammatory stimuli and suggesting biological significance for the role of p21 in macrophage activation. Our findings project a role for p21 in the control of NF-kappaB-associated inflammation, and suggest that therapeutic modulation of p21 expression could be beneficial in inflammation-associated diseases.
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