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  • Title: Characterization of smokeless powders using nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nESI-MS).
    Author: Scherperel G, Reid GE, Waddell Smith R.
    Journal: Anal Bioanal Chem; 2009 Aug; 394(8):2019-28. PubMed ID: 19242680.
    Abstract:
    Smokeless powder is one of the most common types of explosives used in civilian ammunition and, hence, its detection and identification is of great forensic value. Based on comparison of physical properties, extraction yield in methanol, and the spectra obtained using nanoelectrospray ionization and multistage tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer, a method was developed to identify and differentiate unburned smokeless powders from different brands of ammunition. The mass spectrometry method was optimized for the simultaneous detection of the organic stabilizers commonly present in smokeless powders: methyl centralite, ethyl centralite, and diphenylamine. All but two of the powders were differentiated; however, the two that were not differentiated were produced by the same manufacturer. Gunshot residue from the cartridges was deposited on cotton cloth and collision-induced dissociation MS/MS was used to identify low levels of ethyl centralite in the residue, despite the presence of contaminants.
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